Fundraising Ethical Dilemmas:

What They Are and How Should We Approach Them?

Ethics is an emerging issue that is being dealt with quite poorly by fundraisers as a profession.  If we do not police this better ourselves, the U.S. Senate Finance Committee may end up doing it for us in coming months.

 

Although professional associations such as Association of Fundraising Professionals (AFP) have adopted a code of ethical principles, it is evident that more needs to be done in this area.

 

AFP adopted its Code of Ethical Principles in 1964; amending them in 2004.  In addition to outlining aspirations for fundraisers, the Code outlines standards of professional practice.  A variety of areas are covered including: professional obligations, guidelines on the solicitation and use of funds, presentation of information and compensation.  

 

Similarly, NCPG has ethical guidelines for its members.  In 2001, NCPG made a joint statement, along with American Council on Gift Annuities to reiterate both organizations’ long standing opposition to the practice of charitable organizations paying sales commissions to for-profit planners in connection with the sale of charitable gift annuities.

 

Recent attention has focused on this issue, primarily due to concerns raised by individuals such as Bruce Makous, a fundraiser at a Philadelphia cancer organization.  Makous charges that donors are being influenced to set funds by financial advisers receiving “blatantly unethical” fees.

Makous feels that many stockbrokers, money managers, and other financial advisers have a conflict of interest because they earn fees by steering donors to the funds, particularly those managed by commercial investment firms, and helping donors invest assets in the funds. As a result, he says, advisers don`t always present donors with the full range of giving options available -- some of which might make more sense for them financially and produce more money for charity.

Few fundraising or financial experts agree with Mr. Makous`s contentions. But his views have attracted attention, in part because they come at a time when donor-advised funds, which hold more than $13-billion in assets according to a Chronicle study, are under scrutiny in Washington.

 

Some of AFP’s Code of Ethics related to this are:

 

16. Members shall not accept compensation that is based on a percentage of contributions; nor shall they accept finder’s fees.

17. Members may accept performance-based compensation, such as bonuses, provided such bonuses are in accord with prevailing practices within the members’ own organizations, and are not based on a percentage of contributions.

18. Members shall not pay finder’s fees, or commissions or percentage compensation based on contributions, and shall take care to discourage their organizations from making such payments.

A violation of the AFP Standard may subject the member to disciplinary sanctions, including expulsion, as provided in the AFP Ethics Enforcement Procedures.

Despite these attempts, many feel that the standards are inadequate or impractical when applied to the real-life situations faced by countless fundraisers.

 

The Senate Finance Committee and the Internal Revenue Service have been looking into how the funds are run, and lawmakers expect to propose legislation soon to regulate the funds. Senate aides say they are concerned about conflicts of interest surrounding the creation and distribution of money in donor-advised funds. Today, few regulations or laws specifically apply to them.

 

Fundraising experts and officials at financial institutions that work with charities and donors say Mr. Makous is calling attention to problems that do not exist. They note that ethical codes of major fundraising associations say it is acceptable for professional financial advisers to be compensated through the percentage of assets they manage, as long as they are not charging unreasonable amounts compared with other advisers.

 

Makous approached AFP and NCPG several years ago with his concerns; however, he feels that they are not moving quickly enough.

 

Trusts & Estates magazine published an article by Makous outlining his arguments. The article urged people who shared these concerns to join a group of donors, fundraisers, financial advisers, and others who want to educate donors about their rights and call attention to unethical practices.  In addition, some feel that Makous` motives may be publicity seeking because he sent some reporters promotional materials about a mystery novel he wrote related to his career in fundraising.

 

Financial companies say Makous has unfairly criticized them.  For example, a spokesperson from Merrill Lynch said that as long as advisers are disclosing fees and not making their fund sound like the only solution, that the adviser shouldn’t be faulted for offering a limited number of options to meet client’s objectives.

 

Others involved in fundraising and the creation of donor-advised funds also say Mr. Makous concerns are unjustified. Not only are abuses rare, they say, but financial advisers should be applauded for helping to channel more money into charitable funds.

 

Officials at the professional fundraising organizations that Mr. Makous has pressed to take action also say they have seen little evidence of abuse.  They feel that although he raises some legitimate concerns, he is overstating the problem.

 

The Association of Fundraising Professionals three years ago asked Mr. Makous to gather fundraisers and other experts to look into the issue. Association officials say that the organization may decide to investigate the matter further when its ethics committee meets in September, but they question whether their association, which represents fundraisers who work for charities, not companies, could help curb abuse by commercial advisers -- even if abuse were found.

 

So the question remains, are the Ethical Practices in our industry adequate?  As fundraisers, should we be self-regulating in a different or more regulated manner?  Or should we relinquish control to an outside body such as the Senate Finance Committee?

 
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